Development and quality evaluation of a cereal-based breakfast product from yellow maize (Zea mays), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) flour blends

Composite flours were prepared from blends of yellow maize (Zea mays), sesame seed (Sesamum indicum) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) powder in the ratio of 80:20:0; 75:20:5; 70:20:10; 65:20:15 and 60:20:20, respectively to produce the cereal-based breakfast product coded as YSB, SMB, TMB, PMB and OMB with YSB as the control. The breakfast cereals were produced by hydration and toasting of yellow maize and sesame to 160°C for 25 min and blended together with oven-dried and packaged oyster mushroom. The developed products were analysed for proximate, vitamins, minerals and sensory properties. The proximate composition (%) of different blends ranged as moisture (4.07–7.08), ash (3.09–2.28), crude fat (16.04–12.83), crude fibre (4.30–8.22), protein (16.14–22.54), carbohydrate (56.34–47.04) and energy (434.34–393.83 Kcal). Vitamin A (7.99–5.98 mg/100 g), vitamin B₁ (0.08–0.42 mg/100 g), vitamin B₂ (0.06–0.15 mg/100 g), vitamin B₃ (1.91–4.52 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (3.55–3.32 mg/100 g) were u while minerals (mg/100 g) were calcium (75.31–58.02), potassium (0.65–4.01), magnesium (12.25–12.62), iron (1.21–4.15) and zinc (0.40–1.32). Sensory scores revealed that the cereal-based breakfast product were acceptable to the panellist with oyster mushroom supplementation up to 10%.     

TAS-116, a Well-Tolerated Hsp90 Inhibitor,Prevents the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Chronic inflammation has been associated with several chronic diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The NLRP3 inflammasome is a central proinflammatory signaling complex that triggers caspase-1 activation leading to the maturation of IL-1β. We have previously shown that the inhibition of the chaperone protein, Hsp90, prevents NLRP3 activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells; these are cells which play a central role in the pathogenesis of AMD. In that study, we used a well-known Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin, but it cannot be used as a therapy due to its adverse effects, including ocular toxicity. Here, we have tested the effects of a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, TAS-116, on NLRP3 activation using geldanamycin as a reference compound. Using our existing protocol, inflammasome activation was induced in IL-1α-primed ARPE-19 cells with the proteasome and autophagy inhibitors MG-132 and bafilomycin A1, respectively. Intracellular caspase-1 activity was determined using a commercial caspase-1 activity kit and the FLICA assay. The levels of IL-1β were measured from cell culture medium samples by ELISA. Cell viability was monitored by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurements. Our findings show that TAS-116 could prevent the activation of caspase-1, subsequently reducing the release of mature IL-1β. TAS-116 has a better in vitro therapeutic index than geldanamycin. In summary, TAS-116 appears to be a well-tolerated Hsp90 inhibitor, with the capability to prevent the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human RPE cells.     

Techno-economical evaluations of decarbonized hydrogen production based on direct biogas conversion using thermo-chemical looping cycles

Hydrogen production by biogas conversion represent a promising solution for reduction of fossil CO₂ emissions. In this work, a detailed techno-economic analysis was performed for decarbonized hydrogen production based on biogas conversion using calcium and chemical looping cycles. All evaluated concepts generate 100,000 Nm³/h high purity hydrogen. As reference cases, the biogas steam reforming design without decarbonization and with CO₂ capture by gas-liquid chemical absorption were also considered. The results show that iron-based chemical looping design has higher energy efficiency compared with the gas-liquid absorption case by 2.3 net percentage points as well as a superior carbon capture rate (99% vs. 65%). The calcium looping case shows a lower efficiency than chemical scrubbing, with about 2.5 net percentage points, but the carbon capture rate is higher (95% vs. 65%). The hydrogen production cost increases with decarbonization, the calcium looping shows the most favourable situation (37.14 €/MWh) compared to the non-capture steam reforming case (33 €/MWh) and MDEA and iron looping cases (about 42 €/MWh). The calcium looping case has the lowest CO₂ avoidance cost (10 €/t) followed by iron looping (20 €/t) and MDEA (31 €/t) cases.     

金针菇多糖对微冻大黄鱼及其鱼片品质变化的影响

为研究金针菇多糖（polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes，FVP）对微冻大黄鱼及鱼片在贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白性质的变化及水分分布的影响，实验分别选用0.03、0.06、0.09 g/L FVP浸渍处理大黄鱼和鱼片，以无菌水处理为对照组，分析微冻贮藏期间样品的感官指标得分、总挥发性盐基氮含量、总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性、蛋白流变学性质以及水分迁移变化规律。结果表明：FVP可有效抑制整鱼总挥发性盐基氮含量上升和感官得分的下降；减缓整鱼及鱼片在微冻过程中总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性下降和水分流失；此外FVP还能够延缓大黄鱼因腐败而出现的蛋白凝胶能力减弱。在本实验选取的多糖浓度范围内，0.09 g/L FVP处理组保鲜效果较强。该研究结果可为FVP用于水产品贮运保鲜提供理论参考。     

Synthesis and characterization of Co5Cr2(P2O7)4 - New pyrophosphate as a colouring substance

A new pyrophosphate(V) of the formula Co₅Cr₂(P₂O₇)₄ was obtained in the system Co₂P₂O₇–Cr₄(P₂O₇)₃ as a result of solid-state reactions taking place between different reactants. The new compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and belongs to the family of pyrophosphates of the general formula M₅²⁺M₂³⁺(P₂O₇)₄ and is probably isostructural with Fe₅²⁺Fe₂³⁺(P₂O₇)₄. Powder diffraction pattern, infrared spectrum and SEM image of the new compound were presented. As a new potential inorganic pigment, Co₅Cr₂(P₂O₇)₄ was tested for its thermal stability, particle size distribution and colour properties, which were studied both for powder and after introduction into organic matrix and leadless ceramic glaze. The colour of Co₅Cr₂(P₂O₇)₄ powder was defined as deep grey with the colour coordinates L*/a*/b* = 60.63/-1.42/-3.41 and according to the hue angle (h° = 247.39°) it belongs to the blue region. Co₅Cr₂(P₂O₇)₄, with its relatively high thermal stability (t _m = 1230 ± 10 °C) and appropriate colour properties, is a good candidate to be used as inorganic pigment for colouring of acrylic paints. In the case of leadless glaze, the obtained compound acts as a dye.     

Intense broadband photoemission from Bi-doped ZrO2 embedded in vitreous aluminoborate via direct melt-quenching

Tuning the optical properties of active species embedded within a glass matrix by modifying the ligand environment is of interest for luminescence-based technologies, for example, in optical sensing, data transmission, or spectral conversion. Here, we discuss a facile synthesis procedure for a glass-crystal composite material comprising of bismuth (Bi)-doped zirconia within an aluminoborate glass phase. The approach offers tunable and broad photoemission characteristics in the visible spectral region from 400 to 750 nm. Incorporation of Bi ions into the crystal phase enhances the photoemission intensity by two orders of magnitude, with an external quantum efficiency of about 29%. At higher ZrO₂ dopant concentration, we observe a red-shift of both the excitation and the emission bands to match commodity ultra-violet light emitting diodes as excitation sources. Encapsulation within the aluminoborate glass phase provides advantageous thermal behavior, with the emission intensity remaining at >80 % of its initial value up to a temperature of 400 K.     

液相色谱法快速检测染色梅鱼中日落黄、柠檬黄的含量

目的建立一种快速、低成本检测染色梅鱼中日落黄、柠檬黄的方法。方法将染色梅鱼剥皮,鱼皮经70%甲醇氨水提取液提取,经EclipseXDB-C_(18)色谱柱分离,以甲醇和乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃,利用紫外检测器检测日落黄、柠檬黄的含量。结果日落黄、柠檬黄在1.25、2.5、12.5、25 mg/kg添加水平的加标回收率为80%～90%,相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6),柠檬黄检出限为0.05 mg/kg,日落黄检出限为0.025 mg/kg。结论该方法快速、准确、成本低,适合染色梅鱼中日落黄、柠檬黄的快速检测。     

基于多视图立体视觉的沙堆三维尺寸测量研究

利用从运动中恢复结构方法(SFM),提出了一种基于多视图立体视觉的沙堆三维重建及三维尺寸测量方法。首先根据SFM方法的求解不稳定特点,结合光束平差法对SFM求解过程进行分析及优化;其次针对SFM重建结果为稀疏点云的问题,利用基于面片的稠密重建算法重新生成稠密的三维点云,再利用泊松算法对密集点云进行三维曲面重建;最后获得模型的三维尺寸信息。对某建筑工地的沙堆进行了三维尺寸的测量实验,实验结果验证了该方法的有效及可行性,提高了重建能力及精度,同时考虑了目标实际测量误差与重建误差,能够满足实际智能测量的应用需求。     

Deposition of UF5 on the surface of steel material having oxide coating in contact with gaseous UF6

When UF6 is handled in leak tight system, the amount of uranium compound formed on the surface of containers, valves, and others in UF6 handling facilities is not so significant for a short term that special attention has not been given to this problem. The present work was done to throw some more light on this problem based on the recent experiment. We discuss the possibility that the intermolecular transfer of a fluorine atom from UF6 to UF5 may participate in the formation of uranium compound. The discussion includes also the unique features contained in the experimental result, the reaction processes assumed in this problem, and the derivation of a rate equation for expressing the deposition of uranium compound. Furthermore, we propose a new method for determining nonlinear parameters included in a governing differential equation having two variables for expressing the deposition of uranium compound from experimental raw data.     

耐腐蚀水性铝颜料的制备及表征

为了提高铝颜料在水性涂料中的耐腐蚀性能，以正硅酸乙酯（ TEOS）为前驱物，通过溶胶-凝胶反应在铝颜料表面形成了一层致密的二氧化硅包覆薄膜，通过优化固含量、溶剂种类及 TEOS的用量，提高铝颜料的耐碱性。利用扫描电镜、刮板试验、接触角测试、析氢实验进行表征，结果表明：以无水乙醇为溶剂，铝金属颜料固含量为 10%，升温至 50 ℃后，逐滴加入 6 g TEOS，再升温至 80 ℃，该条件下制备的 SiO₂膜包覆后的铝颜料具有优异的耐碱性，同时表面性能由疏水性转变成亲水性，对铝颜料起到了很好的保护作用。